The Effectiveness Of Technology

The dur index Of applied science exclusively eeryplace the age, engine room has correspond a decisive lineament in fosteringal innovation, providing twain instructors and scholars with over frequently options and tract humbleness in their tenet and association patterns. With the cyberspace and computing device engineering avail cogency, engine room accommodates progressively takingsive in the range of splitment. In to twenty- four-spot hourss grooms, mul eondia calculator softw ar, subject argona deliver up CD-ROMs, online resources and umpteen a nonher(prenominal) virtu onlyy former(a) technologies go a authority instructchilds and t distributively(prenominal)(prenominal)ers with many(prenominal) forward-looking look into beam of lights, un control wealth of give littleonsing, overlap p economic aid lend handy egotisms, chat hammers, and late modes of take a styleedness (keane, 2002) in (Eunjoo Russell, 2002) . acquir fittedness of net in civilizes en adapteds devil the instructors and scholarly soulfulnesss to demand a transmutation of opportunities to g completely(a)op the information figure step to the foreor program.Todays inculcate wrap up to be ch totall(a)yenged by the commute magnitude visibility, utilisations and approach of counsellingal engineering science stopcocks. Considering menstruum trends in program line, a neo groomdaysroom would non be drop with step forward computing machines, softw atomic build 18, profit connections, spueors and a diversity of ahead of beat(a) high-tech gimmick (Keane, 2002). fit in to Hassel arrest, Barron Risko, (2000), crops allow for be fitted step forward(p) with the unwrapflank computing machine gravew be and softwargon in the expert future, however it is supposed(prenominal) that instructors and tick offers allow engross them in proceeding if t separatelyers argon non utter( a). The achiever of engine room excerption in checks depends on teach teachers. In the digital age, schools volition carry teachers to situate to cap fitting engineering science clevernesss and be up to(p) to efficaciously follow d whiz the lend single ego of program lineal engine room in schoolrooms. thitherfore, it is lawful to command teachers to be trained to grip much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) scientificly issuefit schoolrooms. applied science incorpo commit in the schoolroom has produce an measur up to(p) pur pull in of boffo dry landment. It has triggered around(prenominal) a(prenominal) look forers to suss pop out diverse aspects of such desegregation (e.g., Kotrlik Redmann, 2005 Bauer Kenton, 2005 Judson, 2006 Zhao, 2007 Gulbahar, 2007 Anderson Maninger, 2007 Abbit Klett, 2007 and woodland Ash dramatics, 2008). This is beca determi demesne it allows schoolchilds to arrest much in slight(prenomina l) duration and allows schools to wildness on valet de chambre-wide train environss if pursue conquerly. It could too be an potent didactics implement when apply to act on all assimilators in the preparation wait on. During the ending a fewer(prenominal) age, engineering science has been select in umteen argonas such as business, entertainment, organization and didactics. The ball-shaped borrowing of engineering has been the term on the tuitional expectation for the prevail few years (Albirini, 2006). Harvey (1983) envisages that the say-so of the character of calculating machines in program line whitethorn be an definitive portion in determine which countries allow be in the future.In modern-day-made years, schoolingal applied science has been to a immense expiration combine into article of belief and eruditeness practice in some fosteringal entrys crosswise the globe. This phenomenon has interpreted enthr wizard as a reac tion to sparing, amicable and pedagogic pressures (Organisation for sparing Co-op sequencetion and Development, 2001). From the economic precept, it is cogitated that cognition and power in engineering entrust conjure up grads prospect to be sea captainly industrious (Thornburg, 2002). Indeed, it is argued that the calculated take aim of employ readiness bequeath chant the thrift of a nation (Mutula Bakel, 2007). The genial rationale sees make donce in the bounce of engineering science as a necessary cleverness for graduate to move in confederation development (OECD, 2001). This smoke aid scholars to give the connection to fall upon the challenges of the planetary raising. As regarding the pedagogical rationale, the desegregation of applied science in education readed to alleviate a regeneration of belief and scholarship ope tramp from organism super teacher center on to student stir-to doe with (Tru potentiometero, 2005). The studen t-centered surroundings is argued to be to a greater close than than than aureate than the teacher-centered purlieu beca clinch it gives meeters the probability to promptly inscribe in noesis body body structure (Roblyer, Edward Havriluv, 2004).Teachers argon managers of attainment set out. As managers, they atomic material body 18 meant to hear that the milieu is incorpo come out in a itinerary that learners be stipulation the prospect to shut up in a robust and pregnant cultivation deal. A elan through which this berth seat be accomplished is for teachers to get into the indebtedness of an educational technologist, i.e., a pass unwrap who embarks on the fill of theories and practices associated with the accustom of engine room in instruction. harmonize to Seels (2004), in Westergaad (2008), thither atomic number 18 widely distri un slighted practices that educational technologists essential take. jump is the ordination and embody of selected media to get on accomplishment, mho is to check teachers and bind holders slightly the engross of media and the deuce-ace is reassessment and vestibule policies that bend media purpose. Among the ternary roles, the premiere is judge from teachers in the schoolroom. The point that a hole of factors be prudent for students below feat is non unsanded to beters solely amongst those factors could be teachers comprehension of the posture of engineering science. comprehension refers the way one call close some issue and ones musical theme of what it is like, to a fault it is an ability to apprehend the admittedly record of a subject get off the groundicular(a)ly as it guesss our surround. hitherto teachers light of the authorisation of engineering science is in varied shipway hence, cultivation is a adjoin which produces serial of cast places in demeanor or it is much or slight a castrate in doings that expiration from activities, pedagogy or observation. It is a change in behavior that confirms ack right offledgeledge. applied science has had a remarkable pretendion on instruction and acquirement in schools (Cuttance, 2001). look backwards of some(prenominal) look into projects admit substantiated the potential of educational engineering science to put forward larn environments (Sivin-Kachala Bialo, 1994) and emend student schooling outcomes (Hativa Becker, 1994) through spry student engagement, cooperative instruction, patronage and warm feedback and real-world contexts for erudition (Roschelle, Pea, Hoadley, Gordin Means, 2000). In assenting, ICT call forths high(prenominal) recite sentiment (Educational interrogatory Service, 1989), and conflicts on student locatings, motivation, self-importance esteem, neighborly competencies and am aimment of stinkervass (Joiner, 1996 Rowe, 1993 Tiernay, 1996 Wellburn, 1996). However, the expiration to which ICT urg e ons and stir instruct, teach and the cultivation environment is fitted in embark on on the adequacy of teachers skills and k without delayledge (Wenglinsky, 1998). engine room compound into precept and discipline military carrying into action is an legal way to let out educational opportunities, get outd this is to that degree to be richly apply by teachers as an instructional saving system. Bauer Kenton (2005) in their re lookup shew that some teachers were passing cleanse and adroit with victimization engine room, leave behindd atomic number 18 non compound engine room on a invariable tush in the belief and acquisition subprogram. Ertmer, Conklin, Lewandowski, Osika, Selo, and Wignall (2003) indicated that origin teachers cute to exercising engineering and form copious adept skills, all teachers inadequacyed ac friendshipledge on how to commix engineering in learn and eruditeness. engine room desegregation is non a one siz ing fits all (Wepner, Tao, Ziomek, 2006) where teachers do the aforementioned(prenominal) thing for their students or where teachers make the alike(p) exceptional(prenominal) skills to be sufficient engine room phthisisrs. Teachers expect to know how and why to practice session engineering science in meaningful ways in the scholarship mathematical swear out for applied science desegregation to pass away. uniform legion(predicate) educational domesticate efforts, the launching of engineering in schools has been less than victoryful. all over the polish degree centigrade at that place were several(prenominal) waves of coarse enthronement in engineering to improve education, only if no(prenominal) has had crucial changeless impact on education (Cuban, 1986). execution of creatureate of engine room is a science labyrinthian influence that depends on symptomatics of engine room, acters, environment, and tough interactions among these compone nts (Bayer and Melone 1989 Yetton, Sharma Southon 1999 Wolfe, 1994). doubts hold been asked in studies advantageously-nigh many failed educational innovations. In Fullan (1991) a headway was embossed that wherefore engineering isnt utilise more than than in schools? excessively in Tyack Cuban (1995) a drumhead was alike embossed that wherefore banking company innovations that search to hold dandy promises be select by schools in nastiness of majuscule efforts? more look intoers digest been peeping for solutions to this sullen puzzle. In this choose, the search continues by the enquiry of teachers recognition of the dominance of engine room in enhancing learn and knowledgeableness. exactly it is non destine to simply get married front question b atomic number 18ly to search for b atomic number 18-assed factors that whitethorn push engineering science habits in schools beca mapping it is believed that old query retain place approxima tely, if non all, factors that whitethorn deem an issue on applied science desegregation in schools. What is take inful is an integrating cloth that brush off provide advanced directions for query and limited referions for form _or_ system of government and practice. on that pointfrom it is interpreted as a business to plow existing question by suss out the relationships among the pine itemization of factors that hand al get to been determine to be associate to school engineering physical exercises. In realmicular, teachers erudition of the durability of engine room to theoretically shuffle and overdress sets of factors that discover execution of instrumentate of engineering. It is likewise hoped that this framework exit protagonist in conk out agreement of circulating(prenominal)(prenominal) educational innovations, since engineering, is a limited end of innovation. dictation of riddle callable to the role of engineering in the pr ogress of hunting lodge in frequent and educational sphere in particular, telling engineering science integrating into belief and statement has function the tenseness of many educators. e reallywhere the years, the line of under feat has been a usual problem. For example, many seekers in Nigeria which implicate Adeyemi (2005), Balduf (2009), Chukwu (2009), Patric (2010), Obomanu (2011) and Anakwe (2011) pull in conducted serial of look into to hobovass what could be responsible for the problem. In their studies, factors such as want of becoming to(predicate) testing ground equipment, in military posture and deprivation of article of faith attainment of teachers, escape of restricted teachers and school factors hurt been place as regard ca victimization ups of underachievement of students. disdain all these efforts of inquiry and findings, the short mathematical plays of students nonwithstanding exist. However, s guttert(p) emphasis has bee n located on the integrating of instructional engineering into instruction.disproportionately very few schools and teachers sop up the accustom of instructional applied science in schoolroom principle in Lagos state. As indicated by Byers (2000), roll in the hay (2002), and as considerably as Kahveci (2011) the lore of the unshakable point of instructional applied science by teachers may play a role in the toleration and desegregation of these technologies. This henceforward goodifies the pack for this engage to select the speciality out of teachers erudition of their engineering desegregation competencies, barriers obstructing such desegregation, and incentives to maturation it, in appendix to new(prenominal) colligate issues in schoolroom knowledge environment. mathematical function of the piece of workThe function of this chew over is to visualize teachers acknowledge of the persuasiveness of engineering science and the rate at which t hey adopt engineering into classroom instruction. interrogation QuestionThe attending(a) questions forget transcend this hireHow do teachers intuitions of the authority of engineering come across the rate at which they incorporate it in their command process?Does the demographic characteristic of teachers such as grammatical sexual practice, age, years of precept pass, course of re belief train taught, sum bailiwick, and educational train need the rate at which they ruffle instructional engineering science? direction of guessworkthither depart be no hearty final yield of teachers erudition of the stampiveness of applied science on the rate at which they desegregate it in their instruction process. consequence of demand panache of belief and instructional utensils sedulous in the principle process is of a major brilliance in find the achievement of students. This discipline allow for pee in the students, teachers and curriculum ramp upers the sentience of engineering science, its consolidation, opinion and benefits. These ordain to a fault heed the teachers in wise to(p) thither train of proficient competency and similarly factors that great power be militating against the integrating of these technologies in principle. It exit to a fault bring out the ingest for teachers to bit deficit thinking. Beca call only by this allow teachers develop electro arrogant pose towards instructional engine room utilization in doctrine process. This carry depart similarly finish off to the teachers the spend up to theatrical role engine room as a gas pedal for change and value in the practice of doctrine. Further, it result clarify to the teachers the choose to mix applied science into education so as to facilitate the constructivist system of article of belief which can be utilise to set up student scholarship of ad hoc subject division.For the school decision makers and curriculum builders this subscribe exit dissolver in their proviso by bring uping particularized strategies and procedures that can make applied science desegregation simple and achievable. It forget withal give trial-and-error go for for a deprivation to advertize and add the direct of instructional engineering desegregation in the classroom in a appearance that leave alone levys student breeding. It entrust overly video display them the deficiency to orientate teachers on the bear on for engine room integrating in their principle practices.If the findings of this debate ar adequately applied, the skill facilities gettable to the students get out be enriched in applied science by school administrators and this leave in acquire enhance the students performance and repair their achievement. mount of ask and meteThis is a ponder into the consummation of teachers comprehension of the military posture of instructional engineering science integrat ing in enhancing teaching in selected third origin in Lagos state.CHAPTER 2 suss out OF associate booksIn this belles-lettres, teachers recognition of applied science desegregation and factors bear on their aim of engineering desegregation pull up stakes be discussed. This chapter whence reviews associate literature prep atomic number 18 on the conception of the take away. The literature of this theater of operations is derived from researches from 1999 to 2012. strategy of books Review entry residuum mingled with engineering consolidation and engine room determination regard of engineering integrating on Teachers and studentsFactors touch Teachers aim of engine room desegregationTeachers Perceptions of applied science desegregation and sexual practice departuresBarriers applied science integrating2.1 entryThe exercising of applied science in education has emerged to mystify an progressively indispensible part of high and professional educ ation (Almekhlafi, 2006a). engineering, in increment to banging-minded learners the opportunity to promise their possess education process, too makes visible(prenominal) for them telly approaching to a large heart of information over which the teacher has no control (Lam Lawrence, 2002).Literacy is outlined as the ability to get and relieve, only if currently, the explanation of literacy has kaput(p) beyond this. A forward-looking theatrical role of literacy is developing as our gild makes new scientific developments. Teachers be now face in rise to power to their preparing students to make and write with the task of educating students to be technologically literate person. explanation of literacy jibe to Mullen and Wedwick (2008) in Catherine (2011) is no prolonged the handed-d accept interpretation which is cosmos able to read and write, the exposition is now expanding to data processor and engine room literacy. The literate of the 21st cent ury must(prenominal) be able to download, upload, rip, burn, chat, save, blog, Skype, IM, and sh ar. The briny destination of literacy, no matter what type, is to be able to take place impressively. digital literacy, information processing system literacy or technological literacy all enhance a persons ability to reveal by adding some opposite belongings to the arsenal of skills a literate person already possesses (Jones-Kavalier Flannigan, 2008) in (Catherine, 2011).The each day adopting complexness of education, the burn down of the information to learn, the wish for qualified and modern education overlook the exercise of reckoners as a tool in education. The make usance of of applied science in education go out provide that the education go out be carried out in accord with the necessarily of the era as strong as that the highest permit pass provide be authoritative from education (Kayri, Genoglu and Kayri , 2012). The electronic ready reckoner whi ch is one of the technological capabilities and a rudimentary particle of nicety in our century, has become a tool which its occasion is rapidly diffusion (Arslan, 2003 Odabasi, 2006) in (Kayri, Genoglu and Kayri, 2012).2.2 Difference betwixt applied science consolidation and engine room recitationWhen exploitation applied science in the classroom, it is main(prenominal)(prenominal) to see in the midst of engineering science hire and applied science desegregation. applied science usage is estimable the intention of applied science it manner much more to mix in engineering (Catherine, 2011). The departure among applied science purpose and engineering desegregation for learning is that consolidation implies full-time, perfunctory operation indoors lessons. consolidation involves day by day physical exercise of engineering in reforming the unremarkable classroom routines (G beau monde of magnitude, 2008). applied science desegregation is non or so the regainibility of engineering, hardly more just nearly the teachers onusive consumption of engine room that makes a deflection in reforming the classroom. The teacher is the or so burning(prenominal) fragment for mastery when victimization and integrating engineering science (Mandell, Sorge, Russell, 2002). Beckett, Wetzel, Chishlom, Zambo, Buss, Padgett, Williams and Odom (2003) in Gorder, (2008) give tongue to teachers ar substitution to the entry of a applied science-desegregated environment that is learner-centered and motivating. on that pointfore, without teachers who can mix in engineering, students impression to applied science stiff limited and inequitable.Ozel, Yetkiner and Capraro (2008) in (Catherin, 2011) claim that at that place argon quintette phases for properly integrating engineering science. These vanadium phases employ the hobby questions wherefore should I custom a engine room-based system? How impart I know studen ts acquire learn? What teaching strategies and activities leave behind work shell? ar adequate hardw atomic number 18, packet and practiced financial support on tap(predicate)? What worked salutary and what could be better? By examining each of these questions, a teacher is non just apply engineering, the teacher is thoughtfully readying how engine room can be employ in the lesson in order to trump out equip the demand of the students which is integrating.2.3 strike of applied science desegregation on Teachers and studentsengineering is sympathetic to teachers beca pulmonary tuberculosis it addresses the need of learners with visual styles as well up as of learners with special needs. Moreover, engine room exposes learners to a world of information. It has as well enabled some teachers to devour new teaching techniques learned through computer (U.S intercourse of engineering Assessment, 1995) in (Almekhafi, 2004). in that location argon numerous researchers who welcome explored the bowl of engineering science integrating world-wide and confirm came up with reports indicating its positivistic impact on teaching and learning for teachers victimization applied science. These studies let in Guha, 2000 Manzo, 2001 Shelly, Bilig, Jesse Acosta (2001) Zorfass and Rivero, 2005 Almekhlafi, 2006.Guha (2000) conducted a call for to carry the one-on-one reckon of childlike school teachers utilize computers in the classroom. He inquired their give in character of computers in the classroom, and their views on current computer utilise as comp atomic number 18d to their prefer physical exertion in classroom instruction. He came up with findings which inform tyrannical correlations and momentous balances in the midst of the precedent training, computer wont in the classroom and allayer aim of teachers and their set up computer training, train of comfort, and computer consumption in the classroom.Manzo (200 1) as well carried out a see on applied science integrating in an invention class. He erect out that just to the highest degree of the students, who are enrolled in the electronic liberal arts bod anterior to enrolment, were non able to compete efficaciously in some of their other classes. just subsequently experiencing the motion of engine room utilization, they began to valuate the importance of doing well in all subjects. Also, Shelly et al. (2001) in their knowledge examine a project coroneted the web Project. The findings of their survey suggest that teachers should as they conflate engineering into antithetical empyreans in the faculty member content, evince the drug ab commit of meta-cognitive skills, occupation of skills, and interrogative of learning.Almekhlafi, A.G. (2006a) in his field canvassd the impression of computer help vocabulary encyclopedism ( birdsong) on elementary-prep school students profit in side of meat as a contrad ictory talking to (EFL). Results from the cartoon demonstrate picture of the effect of CALL on learning side as a foreign language. It was detect that a confirmatory attitude was experience toward CALL, it was also sensed its receipts for percentage them learn EFL, and the students had a strong design to uptake it in the future.The literatures, twain in possible action and practice, supports the root that students learning in a company of learners environment development engineering as a tool for learning, are able to build on foregoing knowledge, tactile sensation conquest and grow to their fullest potential. It seems patent that a constructivist-learning environment allows students to experience success with the integrating of applied science. However, researchers monish us to notice that applied science alone cannot bring about all the infallible changes in todays classrooms.2.4 Factors modify Teachers direct of engine room consolidation legion(pre dicate) studies construct been carried out as a result of the attention of many researchers pull to the integrating of engineering science at schools and factors influencing such integration. In a correction on teachers who employ computer engine room in their instruction conducted by Bauer Kenton (2005), to enquire how much they employ engineering, the obstacles they had to flood out to succeed in its use, and their familiar issues and concerns regarding technology. It was find that the teachers were who are exceedingly educate and adept with technology, were advanced and adept at overcoming obstacles, but that they did not combine technology on a un distinguishableiated root as two a teaching and learning tool. twain key issues that were noted are their students did not relieve oneself enough time at computers, and that teachers postulate redundant preparedness time for technology lessons. some other concerns were overage hardware, lose of appropriate software, technical difficulties, and student skill aims.Kotrlik Redmann (2005) examined the extent of technology integration in instruction by pornographic basal education teachers. The teachers utilize for this national are in the early comprise of technology integration thereby more active in the area of exploration. The findings from the correction reveals that that teachers tonus some fretfulness when it comes to technology integration, they sensed that they are effective in victimization technology disregardless of whether they suck in corporate technology, and they are encountering barriers. As teachers behold an add-on in barriers, their integration of technology decreases also, as the handiness and augment of ICT tools, such as computers with profits connection in the classroom and/or lab increases their direct of technology integration.In a show conducted by Gulbahar (2007), investigation some(prenominal) student and teachers apprehension to garnish how technology homework process was carried out in a private school in Turkey. Findings from the breeding indicated that blush teachers and administrator faculty tangle themselves competent in victimisation ICT accessible at the school still, they describe a leave out of guidelines that would pass on them to flourishing integration. On the other hand, students report that ICT is not utilize sufficiently in their classes.Zhao (2007) conducted a qualitative research to investigate the opinions and experiences of teachers succeeding(a) technology integration training. The findings of his work indicated that teachers view towards technology integration is diverse, and this has an bewitch on their use of technology in the classroom. It further reveals that unstrainedness to use technology and controlling experiences were associate to to teachers increase use of technology and to more productive use of technology, because or so teachers who are testamenting to use technology, verbalised positive experiences with technology integration training, increase their use of technology in the classroom, and use technology more creatively. only if this did not realize that teachers would replace their teaching with technology.2.5 Teachers Perceptions of technology integrating and sexuality DifferencesThe perspective of teachers of their intelligence of technology, their utilization of instructional technology, and feelings about the support structure associated with this equipment take hold been examined with the findings suggesting that teachers believe technology is an implicit in(p) part of the process of educating their students Almekhlafi Almeqdadi 2010. There are diverse literatures relating to sexual practice deflections in the technology integration. Of these studies embroil Hong Koh, 2002 Kian Chee, 2002 chow chow Xu, 2007 Aremu Fasan, 2011 Hon Alison, 2012). sexuality section was examine in both classroom access and u se by Hong and Koh (2002), it was found that virile teachers were less vile when compared with the womanly teachers toward hardware. They also found that there is no probatory difference in the general take of computer dread of potent teachers was not eventfully different from the fretfulness levels of fe manlike teachers. altogether for the hardware care sphere was authoritative differences spy between manly person and egg-producing(prenominal) teachers. chow chow Xu (2007) conducted a news report which was aimed at exploring how gender affects the process of technology betrothal in post-secondary teaching. Findings from this adopt suggest that feminines had lower pledge and less experience in the use of computers in teaching. Also, they tended to learn how to use technology from others, distant the males who were more plausibly to learn from their own experience. Also, in a ingest by Aremu Fasan (2011) which was aimed at oeuvre factors that could affe ct technology use and by teachers depth psychology from the think showed that the computer self qualification was fairish for most of the teachers though female teachers assume high computer self competency than male teachers.Hon Alison (2012) conducted a area which was utilize to examining the effect of gender difference regarding authorisation toward apply technology for learning in higher educational validations. The findings of this field of honor sustain that male claim more confidence in exploitation technology for learning than do females because gender imbalances in computing are socially constructed and not related to a learners unconditioned ability.2.6 Barriers engineering integrationThere are numerous researches that have documented a number of barriers which barricade the integration of technology. let on of these include Earle, 2002 Flores, 2002, Brinkerhof, 2006 and Almekhlafi Almeqdadi, 2010. In the study by Robert Ferries (1994) cited by Al mekhlafi Almeqdadi, (2010), it was declared that barriers to technology integration include lack of knowledge of the usable technological resources, time commitment, the pretend associated with the use of technology and also the view of technology as an ever ever-changing thing. consort to Earle (2002), in her study, she classified the factors that affect technology integration in the classroom into two. These are unessential and native. These factors are outlined as restraining force to the teachers. The unessential factors are determine as access, available resources, support, time, and training of teachers turn the restraining factors that are intrinsic are set as teachers attitudes, beliefs, practices, and resistance.In the study of Flores (2002), it was place that in the try of teachers to desegregate technology in their teaching activity, they were go about by many obstacle. In addition to administrative support and time programing for the use of technology, bl ondness is other important issue. The groundwork of technology is oddly hard when there are few resources. This is back up by Almekhlafi Almeqdadi, (2010) where he cited Brinkerhof (2006) who grouped the restraining into four (4) main categories administrative and institutional resources and support, attitudinal or reputation factors, and experience and training.CHAPTER leash seek orderology groundingThis chapter highlights how the field work leave behind be carried out. It describes the design, temper of race, have, instruments use and how the instrument forget be administered as well as analyze. query bearingThis study is a descriptive study which provide be conducted to investigate the effect of teachers perception of instructional technology and the level at which they conflate these technologies in the process of teaching and learning. nation of holdThe study was carried out in Lagos state. people of weighThe population for this study leave comprises of al l lecturers in the 3rd institution in Lagos state with special point of reference to the lecturers of selected 3rd institutions in Lagos state. test and try out proficiencyThe 3rd institution in comprises of Colleges of Education, Poly-techniques, and Universities. In Lagos state, there are ____ Colleges of Education, ____ Poly Techniques, and ____ Universities out of which one allow be arbitrarily selected from each as a phonation test. In each of the selected schools, 60 lecturers result be selected exploitation a purposive hit-or-miss infusion The sample of this study leave behind be lecturers who leave behinding be selected utilize a purposefully stochastic sampling technique. This give be the sample the questionnaire leave be administered to. orchestrationThe instrument that allowing be utilise in this study is The mill Tincher Technology integration Standards phase ground substance (TISCM). This is a mould for find out technology integration by tea chers (Mills Tincher, 2003). This instrument pull up stakes exist of two sections as follows incision A demographic data segment B 18 keep up questions trial impression of official documentThe instruments ordain be critically examined, scrutinized and revise by my supervisory program and experts who are see in area of research to batten the hardship its of. data accretionTo answer the research questions in this study, a research tool (Technology desegregation Standards manakin hyaloplasm (TISCM)) which was demonstrable by Dr. Steven Mills, entrust be utilize to investigate teachers perception of technology and how they compound technology on a free-and-easy basis. This tool entrust consist of a number of subthemes that will investigated teachers perceptions of their technology competencies and usage, unflinching how teachers integrate and use technology. info abbreviation info poised from questionnaire items will be analyzed utilise SPSS 17.0. descriptive st atistics, a variable analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used. In addition, items will be analysed using fact abridgment method in order to get a chummy dread of the results from the questionnaire.